SGML SGML is an abbreviation of Standard Generalized Markup Language. It is a comprehensive and standardized tool that is used to organize and tag elements in a document stored on a computer. SGML specifies the rules for the tags, which can be interpreted by browsers etc. when the document is presented. SGML is primarily used to manage large documents that are often revised and have to be printed in various formats. SGML is a very complex language, of which HTML is a much more accessible subset.